Clay Tobacco Pipes Research Articles

James Winchester’s clay pipe factory: excavations at Glassfields, Bristol, 2016–2017

SUMMARY Excavations in advance of redevelopment in two areas either side of Old Bread Street, Bristol, revealed remains dating from the eighteenth century including those of three clay tobacco pipe kilns and other structural remains. An assemblage of clay tobacco pipes and kiln furniture was also recovered amongst other finds. The structural remains are described and the development of the site is examined. The process of clay pipe manufacture is briefly outlined, and the clay pipes are described and placed within their local context. It has been established that the kilns were the clay pipe manufactory of James Winchester, who was making clay pipes here between at least 1834 and 1856. Documentary sources have been used to further illuminate the archaeological evidence from this site.

“Turkish” Tobacco Pipes: History of Study

Introduction. The article is devoted to the history of the study of “Turkish” clay tobacco pipes. It is an actively developing direction in archaeological science. For about fifty years, “Turkish” tobacco pipes have regularly been the subject of research by scientists from various countries. However, the history of their study has not yet become a special subject of research. Methods of research. The study used methods to identify commonalities and differences between individual studies on the problem in question. All the references considered in the publication are arranged in chronological order and reflect the evolution of the researchers’ views; separate lines of research on tobacco pipes are distinguished. Analysis. From the late 1960s to the late 1980s, the foundations were laid for the study of “Turkish” tobacco pipes. The works created during this period are still the basis on which all researchers rely. The next stage in the study of the pipes was in the 1990s. At that time, the data on the dating of the pipes were clarified, special research using natural scientific methods was carried out for the first time, written sources were involved, the historical names of some types of pipes were restored, and the distinguishing features of local copies from the Turkish originals were analyzed. In the 2000’s and 2010’s, the attention of researchers turned to individual problems of studying pipes, such as stamps and ornamentation, images of smoking pipes on works of art, and analysis of written sources on the history of tobacco smoking. In addition, large monographs with detailed catalogs of “Turkish” tobacco pipes were created for the first time. Results. Many issues still remain unresolved in the available literature: only a few of the production centers have been identified, only a small portion of the masters’ marks have been read, and most of the dating covers broad periods and needs to be clarified.

Material encounters: the alternative use of clay tobacco pipes in England and Wales, c.1600–1900

Abstract This article explores the ways in which clay tobacco pipes were used on or against the body for purposes other than smoking. Whereas most approaches to material culture in the past consider the intended uses of objects, this research focuses on alternative uses and the broader contexts in which these adaptations were made. Examination of pipes used as weapons and medical instruments provides new evidence of the physical worlds of those who encountered these objects. It also demonstrates how reading objects ‘against the grain’ through analysis of alternative uses of everyday objects expands what we can learn from material culture.

Distribution of Foreign Clay Tobacco Pipes in Brazil: An Overview from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Centuries

Distribution of Foreign Clay Tobacco Pipes in Brazil: An Overview from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Centuries

New Insights regarding the Clay Tobacco Pipes discovered in the Historical City Center of Timisoara

Articolul de faţă tratează problema unor noi descoperiri de pipe de lut din centrul istoric al Timișoarei, realizate în urma cercetărilor preventive din Piaţa Sf. Gheorghe (2017) și Parcul Civic (2020). Cele paisprezece piese prezentate în cadrul acestei lucrări cuprind pipe databile atât în secolul XVIII, în timpul ocupaţiei otomane a orașului, cât și în secolul XIX. Analizarea pieselor respective a dus la stabilirea a trei mari categorii observate anterior și în alte lucrări referitoare la pipele de lut descoperite în cadrul săpăturilor arheologice din Timișoara: pipele nedecorate de culoare roșiatică, pipele turcești și pipele austro‑ungare.

Clay tobacco pipes from Klaipėda: The oldest finds and its origin, typology, and chronology, 1620-1680

In the course of archaeological excavations in Klaipėda, fragments of almost ten thousand pipes have been found. Their chronology dates back to the 17th–19th centuries, and it is also known that most of these pipes came to the city, most likely by sea, from the Netherlands, Germany and other northwestern European countries, although local production is lacking. As only general research on Klaipėda pipes has been published so far, this article focuses on the specific period 1620–1680, when the first of this kind of product arrived in Klaipėda by sea. The article analyses the chronologically earliest clay pipes found during archaeological research in Klaipėda; based on the typology of the finds and known analogues, the author distinguishes the main types of pipes and identifies possible locations for pipe production.

THE STYLES OF TOBACCO PIPES OF THE 17th — EARLY 19th CENTURIES FROM KYIV EXCAVATION AND THEIR PARALLELS

The paper is devoted to clay tobacco pipes of the 17th — early 19th centuries, found in Kyiv. The two-part type of pipes of the so-called «eastern» type is analyzed, the most widespread in the territory of Ukraine and prevailing among finds from Kiev. The chibouk and the pipe body of such products are separate parts. Other types are one-piece pipes of the so-called «western» type (or «Dutch»), in which the chibouk and the bowl are one whole, and three-part pipes, in which the middle part (shank) served for connection of chibouk with a one-part pipe. They are extremely few among archaeological finds.
 The author collects two-part pipes into groups according to their external similarity. Within these groups, there are styles of items that have gained popularity over time. Parallels for Kyiv finds from Ukrainian lands and other territories are provided.
 The evolution of some styles during the 17th — early 19th centuries is examined. For the seventeenth — early eighteenth century pipes of small sizes of three types: bud-shaped, fluted, pot-shaped are characteristic. Each type was designed with several styles. They are distinguished by the design of the bowl. Bud-shaped pipes had a spherical, hemispherical, disk-shaped, with a petal division, with a frequent division, shell-like lower part. Pot-shaped pipes were both rounded and elongated in height. The most homogeneous were fluted pipes. They were varied by simple or more decorative designs.
 In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries styles of pipes have changed. Bud-shaped pipes with a petal division of the lower part of bowl acquired of new styles: tall, slender pipes covered with colored glaze; pipes with a shell-shaped bowl became very similar to them; as a development of this style — pipes with a crest-keel under the lower part of the bowl; style of large, similar in height and length of pipes, which could be both glazed and terracotta. Pipes with a part of the lower part of bowl also evolved in a similar way: there were large low pipes with a wide bowl and pipes of vertical proportions. Among the pot-shaped pipes tall large items with rhymed geometric and floral ornaments up to 7—8 cm in size were spread. A variant of such pipes were products decorated on both sides of the bowl with a flower-shaped medallion.
 Along with large specimens in the eighteenth century similar items of smaller sizes continued to be used. Since the beginning of the eighteenth century imported «oriental» or «Turkish» styles are becoming more and more popular — Ottoman-chibouk, «narcissus», «lily», etc. Such pipes came from the Black Sea coast, their copies could be made in Ukrainian cities, including in Kyiv.

Archaeological and Bioarchaeological Evidence from the Ottoman period Bosnia: The Case Study of Doboj-Čaršija

The Selimiye is a mosque complex located in the old city’s center of Doboj – the Upper Town (čaršija). We present the results of the first interdisciplinary analysis of archaeological and bioarchaeological finds from its excavations in 1994 attempting to get the first insights into living conditions of the Ottoman period Bosnia. Archaeological assemblage dated to the 16th-19th century is composed of pottery, clay tobacco pipes, small everyday metal objects, functional parts of costume, and glass fragments. Animal remains were probably associated with ritual context of food consumption during the Eid al-Adha feasts. Burial of a child inside the mosque’s harem indicates its belonging to an upper class Muslim family of Doboj.

Clay Tobacco Pipes in Europe from the Late Sixteenth to the First Half of the Nineteenth Century: Geographical and Cultural Contexts

The aim of the article is to present a summary of the history of clay tobacco pipes in Europe and to explore their cultural and geographical context.In post-medieval archaeological sites, clay tobacco pipes are quite common finds. The first evidence of tobacco in Western Europe dates from the late sixteenth century, during the Age of Discovery. The industry of tobacco pipe manufacturing started in the early seventeenth century, and English pipe makers and smokers were the innovators of the new habit and style of smoking. Soon after that, Dutch cities like Amsterdam and Gouda became major centres in producing and selling clay tobacco pipes. Through the Baltic and Mediterranean harbours and then along land routes, tobacco spread across Europe as a product of colonial trade and a new habit of smoking as such. The Thirty Years’ War and Northern Wars played a crucial role in the consumption of tobacco, because soldiers rapidly accepted and spread the new culture of smoking.In the eastern and south-eastern European region, tobacco and pipes appeared in the early seventeenth century. Despite this fact, smoking as an incorrect habit was banned or restricted in Russia and the Ottoman Empire in effect of the rulers’ decisions. Only in the late seventeenth century all the prohibitions of tobacco consumption were lifted. At this time, clay tobacco pipes manufactured by the locals predominated in the regions of Eastern Europe. One-piece tobacco pipes with long stems manufactured by the Dutch and the English were still in use but in smaller quantities than locally produced pipes. These, so often called composite, stub-stemmed, or ‘chibouk’ pipes, were produced in very different shapes and styles. Scarce marked specimen of these pipes and the lack of historical sources show that production was mostly regional. Otherwise, it is not uncommon to discover that some models of or ornaments on the pipes are widespread from the Baltic region to Northern Africa. The history of smoking and its uneven spread across Europe from the late sixteenth to the first half of the nineteenth century were caused by various reasons. The article focuses on the different contexts of this subject: pipe making traditions in the Early Modern times were impacted by critical or indifferent view of religion, political decisions, economical and geographical situation, different art styles, and the like.

The Research of Clay Tobacco Pipes and Its Methodological Aspects

Clay pipes are quite a common finding in the study of urban cultural strata, a dozen thousand fragments of them are counted in the collections of Lithuania museums. Nevertheless, the terminology of these of tobacco pipes is not yet quite settled in Lithuania, and archaeologists who investigate urban areas do not even have a methodical material published in Lithuanian. The article aims to distinguish and define the methodological aspects of the analysis of clay tobacco pipes dated from the first half of 17th century to 19th century, which would be suitable for the Lithuanian context. At the beginning of this article, the history of clay tobacco pipes research is analyzed in a methodological aspect, the links to the whole development of archaeology science are presented, and the current tendencies in the tobacco pipes researches are described. The other chapters focus on the matters of clay pipes terminology, methods of analysis, and dating. Considering the locally produced and imported pipes found in Lithuania, methodical matters of recording and describing these findings are analyzed, as well as possible interpretations of the collected data.

Clay tobacco pipes found on former execution sites in Silesia, Poland

SUMMARY This article contains a detailed discussion of clay pipe finds from five execution sites located in Silesia, Poland. The assemblage is dominated by pipes from the 18th century with a small percentage of examples from the 17th and 19th centuries. Mainly Dutch pipes were identified in the analysed group, pipes manufactured in a local workshop, and several examples of pipes made by a different technique. This assemblage stands out because of the context of its discovery – at former execution sites – and the socio-economic interpretations we can made due to the association of the pipes with this unusual context.

The oldest clay tobacco pipes from Vilnius, Lithuania: the interpretation of origin, chronology and social context

The oldest clay tobacco pipes from Vilnius, Lithuania: the interpretation of origin, chronology and social context

Excavations at Basing Grange, Basing House, Hampshire, 1999–2006

This report describes excavations at Basing Grange, Basing House, Hampshire, between 1999 and 2006. It embraces the 'Time Team' investigations in Grange Field, adjacent to the Great Barn, which were superseded and amplified by the work of the Basingstoke Archaeological & Historical Society, supervised by David Allen. This revealed the foundations of a 'hunting lodge' or mansion built in the 1670s and demolished, and effectively 'lost', in the mid-18th century. Beneath this residence were the remains of agricultural buildings, earlier than and contemporary with the nearby Great Barn, which were destroyed during the English Civil War. The report contains a detailed appraisal of the pottery, glass and clay tobacco pipes from the site and draws attention to the remarkable window leads that provide a clue to the mansion's date of construction. It also explores a probable link with what was taking place on the Basing House site in the late 17th and early 18th century.

Cachimbos brancos da região do Valongo

Os cachimbos de caulim recuperados nas escavações do Cais do Valongo / Cais da Imperatriz e suas imediações foram atribuídos, na sua quase totalidade, ao século XIX. Foram utilizados e descartados no entorno e nas proximidades do cais, região portuária caracterizada por grande diversidade étnica. Tais pitos atestam a inserção do Rio de Janeiro, recém liberto das práticas monopolistas de Portugal, em uma economia cada vez mais global, na qual o trânsito de pessoas e mercadorias vindas de diferentes pontos era particularmente intenso. Nesse cenário, foi observada a predominância da fabricação francesa nos cachimbos de caulim encontrados, coerente com o que ocorreu na indústria e comercialização desses objetos no resto do mundo. Considerando as informações arqueológicas e alguns dados históricos sobre importação e venda de cachimbos no Rio de Janeiro, especula-se a respeito dos contextos em que eles podem ter sido utilizados, nessa cidade, nos oitocentos.

Ancient DNA analysis of a nineteenth century tobacco pipe from a Maryland slave quarter

Archaeologists often struggle with the challenge of linking historic-period artifact assemblages with specific communities. In particular, small home sites discovered on historic plantations are often difficult to identify as an African American or white tenant house since the material culture appears similar. The discipline also struggles with how to identify the expression of specific West African cultures in their archaeological assemblages. Here, we discuss how DNA was successfully extracted and analyzed from a clay tobacco pipe stem collected from an African American slave quarter in Maryland, USA, and what this information can and cannot reveal about the people present at the site. We successfully identified DNA from a woman, and genome-wide analyses revealed she was closely related to Mende living in present-day Sierra Leone, West Africa. The ability to recover genetic data from personal artifacts now provides archaeologists a viable tool to address questions about communities and ancestral origins. Furthermore, these findings hold the potential to connect living descendants with their ancestors’ homes.

Eighteenth-Century Pipes and the Erasure of the Disposable Object

Disposable objects hold a unique position in the world of relationships between persons and things. Not only do they have little time to build affective relationships with people, but since they are intended to be used a mere handful of times, their use is synonymous with their destruction. Yet the case of the eighteenth-century clay tobacco pipe reveals that, by a remarkable act of cognitive elision, consumers are capable of forgetting the number of things they throw away, bonding affectively with an object category as if it were a single thing. Leaning on the psychoanalytic to grapple with the symbolism of objects in a way that is attuned to the materiality of human experience, this essay follows clay-pipes by way of a case study through Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe (1719) and other novels, poetry, and satire of the first half of the eighteenth century in order to understand how this elision operates, the psychological and cultural factors that motivate it, and its effects.

Keramičke lule za duvan iz arheološke zbirke Muzeja u Doboju / Clay Tobacco Pipes from Archaeological Collection of the Museum in Doboj

The article deals with finds of clay tobacco pipes from the archaeological collection of the Museum in Doboj. The largest number of clay tobacco pipes comes from archaeological excavations of Dobor and Doboj fortress. Various types of pipe can be dated from the late 17th century to the late 19th century. All found pipes belonging to the eastern or Mediterranean type and consists of Habsburg and Ottoman production. Pipes of the eastern type were made in a two-part mold with rich decoration. This new habit of smoking, mainly practiced in the military environment but soon having become a widely spread vice.

One British Thing: Clay Pipes

AbstractThe clay tobacco pipe is a “British thing” distinct to its time, but that is a partial provenance. Although many thousands have been unearthed in Britain or described in British archival records, the pipe is also evidence of early globalized trade, imperial ventures, and material translation across cultures. Its Britishness is contingent. This small relic accompanied complex enterprises where a new-style masculinity arose, new racial categories were framed, and a new sociability took root.

The Collection of Ottoman Tobacco Pipes from Azov Museum-Reserve in Russia

مجموعة من مجامر الشبک العثمانية المحفوظة فى متحف آزوف للآثار بروسيا الشبک: في الترکية جبوق و جوبوق بالجيم المشربة وفيها: الأنبوبة، والعصا، والماسورة، والقصبة، وشبک الدخان عبارة عن أنبوبة في أحد طرفيھا مبسم، وفي الطرف الآخر مجمرة أو حجر يوضع بھا التبغ والفحم، أى أن شبک الدخان يتکون من ثلاثة أجزاء، ھي: الفم ويطلق عليھا الترکيبة أو المبسم، والقصبة ويطلق عليھا العود أو الأنبوبة، والحجر، الذي يعرف أيضا بالمجمرة، کما عرف الشبک أيضا باسم الغليون، والجمع: غلايين، وغلاويين. ويذخر متحف مدينة آزوف للآثار بروسيا الاتحادية بالعديد من مجامر الشبک المصنوعة من الفخار مابين قطع مکتملة وأخرى مهشمة تتعدى فى عددها الألف قطعة، جميعها مستخرجة من الحفريات التى أجريت فى قلعة آزاک العثمانية والمنطقة المحيطة بها (منطقة آزوف القديمة)، والتى لم يتطرق لها أحد من الباحثين بالدراسة العلمية السليمة سواء بتأريخها أو بدراستها دراسة وصفية وتحليلية متأنية. وأکثر من 80 % من مجامر الشبک المکتشفة فى هذه المنطقة يمکن نسبتها للمسلمين الأتراک، تلک التى تم تصنيعها على يد الصناع والحرفيين الأتراک على أراضى الإمبراطورية العثمانية المترامية الأطراف فى ذلک الوقت (الأناضول، القرم، الببلقان)، والتى کانت تستخدم على نطاق واسع فى الحياة اليومية الخاصة من قبل الحامية العسکرية للقلعة الترکية آزاک. وبصفة عامة فإن مجامر الشبک المکتشفة فى منطقة آزوف على يد علماء الآثار الروس والتى تم استخراجها تؤرخ فى الفترة من القرن 11هـ-17م حتى بداية القرن 13هـ-19م، أما المجموعة موضوع الدراسة والتى عثر عليها فى أربعة مواقع مختلفة (ثلاثة حفر ومقبرة) خلال الفترة من 1998 وحتى 2004م، ويمکن تأريخها وفقا للعملات المعدنية التى عثر عليها بجوارها بنهاية القرن 11هـ-17م، ونهاية القرن 12هـ-18م. وتعد هذه المجموعة من أهم النماذج التى تعبر عن روعة الفن الإسلامى فى هذه المناطق بما تحمله من کتابات عربية عبارة عن توقيعات لبعض الصناع أو عبارات ذات صلة بالشبک، وکذلک والنقوش والزخارف الإسلامية ورسوم الوريدات والزهور التى تنوعت بين زهرة التيوليب والنرجس والزنبق والأقحوان، کما اختلفت أحجامها وأبعادها فمنها الصغير الحجم بأبعاد (3.8 × 2.3 سم) ومنها الأکبر نسبيا بأبعاد (6.0 × 4.2 سم).Аbstract:The Azov museum-reserve (Azov city, the Russian Federation) hold more than 1000 examples (intact ones and fragments) of clay tobacco pipes. All of them are from the excavations carried out on the territory of the former Ottoman fortress Azak (Azov old district) and its surroundings. Until recently, this archeological material has been left unstudied and has not been put into scientific use. The great bulk of finds (over 80%) are Muslim (Turkish) tobacco pipes. These are pipes made by the ceramics craftsmen on the territory of the former Ottoman Empire (Asia Monor, the Crimea, Balkans). They were widely used by the military garrison of the Turkish fortress Azak in private daily life. All in all, Muslim tobacco pipes were discovered by the archeologists in Azov in the cultural layers of XVII – the beginning of XIX centuries. The pipes from four “closed” complexes (three pits and a burial) discovered in 1998-2004 are dated by the end of XVII – the beginning of XVIII centuries according to the coin material. The majority of the tobacco pipes are abundantly ornamented splendid examples of the Muslim ceramics art. Some of them have stamps of their makers and Ottoman inscriptions made in Arabic calligraphy. The variety of pipe “fashions” is highly considerable. A number of the pipes are flower-shaped: as a tulip, a lily, a narcissus, a chrysanthemum. The pipes’ dimensions vary from the smallest (3.8х2.3 cm) to fairly big (6.0х4.2 cm) ones.

Clay Tobacco-Pipe Research and Historical Archaeology in Germany, a Difficult Relationship

Clay tobacco-pipe studies played an important, yet unacknowledged, role in the formation process of historical archaeology in Germany. Systematic analyses of smoking utensils and the craftsmanship involved in making them were the forerunners of the academic discipline. Clay-pipe studies were never restricted by disciplinary boundaries. Methods and approaches were drawn from ethnology, archaeology, and history, but the field remained purely Eurocentric. However, clay-pipe research has come to a halt. One important reason for this is its high degree of specialization. But, otherwise, historical archaeology is currently on the upswing, despite its unsatisfying engagement with material culture, especially that of the late 18th century onwards. This article illustrates the development and demise of clay-pipe research in Germany in the context of the emergence of historical archaeology as a discipline. It includes elements in common with clay-pipe research in the United States and in Britain, and it also highlights significant differences.